本文章由春喜在線(xiàn)英語(yǔ)于2017.3.14日編輯發(fā)布

 

 

（一）定義

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或者是現(xiàn)在的特征或所處的狀態(tài)。如：

He often goes to school on foot every morning.
She is at work now.
They are primary school students.

（二）基本結(jié)構(gòu)

從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)來(lái)看，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主要分三種情況，即：

1、主語(yǔ)+be+其他成分

其中的be，會(huì)隨著主語(yǔ)的不同，有am/is/are的變化。am的主語(yǔ)是I，is的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，are的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)、第二人稱(chēng)的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng)的復(fù)數(shù)。如：

I am ten years old.
He is in the classroom.
They are in the zoo at the moment.

2、主語(yǔ)+do/does+其他成分

其中，動(dòng)詞do的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)、第二人稱(chēng)的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng)的復(fù)數(shù)，does的主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)的單數(shù)。如：

We always stay up late on Saturday.
You often forget to bring your textbooks with you.
She likes apples very much.

3、主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be/do+其他成分

此時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞采用的是現(xiàn)在形式，后面的動(dòng)詞都采用原形。如：

She can be a good teacher in the future.
I must leave for the party now.

（三）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)

動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)三單，是在使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中最容易出錯(cuò)的地方。這與漢語(yǔ)的主謂成分在數(shù)上沒(méi)有一致性要求有很大關(guān)系。

動(dòng)詞三單常見(jiàn)的變化規(guī)則有：

1、直接+s

如：works、plays、sweeps

2、“傷心城市”（即以sh、x、ch、s或ss結(jié)尾的單詞）加+es

如：washes、fixes、watches、focuses、kisses。

3、以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的+es

如：goes、does、vetoes（否決）

4、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，改y為i，再+es

如：studies、flies、dries

5、特殊情況

如：have的三單形式為has。

（四）常見(jiàn)用法

1、表主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)

The book is on the desk.
I am very busy.

2、表主語(yǔ)的身份或職業(yè)

She is our English teacher.
His father is a doctor.

3、表主語(yǔ)的特征或特點(diǎn)

The dog often barks at strangers.
He is bad-tempered.

4、表主語(yǔ)的能力

The cat can see well in the darkness.
He is good at swimming.

5、表主語(yǔ)的國(guó)籍

Mary comes from Britain.
He is a Chinese.

6、表主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的行為

Jack sometimes goes hiking by himself on weekends.
They usually visit museums in their spare time.

7、表主語(yǔ)的興趣愛(ài)好

She likes reading novels very much.
I want a cup of tea.

8、表天氣或氣候

It is sunny today.
It often rains a lot in spring in Shanghai.

9、表客觀事實(shí)或真理

Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.
The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.

10、表按計(jì)劃或安排好的或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作

這類(lèi)用法一般只限于start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive、return、take place等。 如：

The train leaves at four tomorrow afternoon.
She comes back home tonight.

11、表將來(lái)（在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中）

If he comes, I will tell him about it.
When the plane arrives, she will meet him herself.

12、用在格言、警句中

Pride goes before a fall. （驕必?cái)?。?br /> Time is money. （時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。）

13、表過(guò)去

1） 用于某些動(dòng)詞（tell、say、hear、learn等）表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間。如：

She tells me Jack will come tomorrow. （她告訴我杰克明天要來(lái)。）
I hear that he won the first prize in the competiton last week. （我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他在上周的比賽中得了第一名。 ）

2）當(dāng)要陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，有時(shí)即使有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：

The story is set in the summer of 1937. （故事的背景是1937年夏天。）
The story begins in the year 1937. （故事開(kāi)始于1937年。）

 

（五）常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)

1、頻度副詞

按照頻度高低，常見(jiàn)的頻度副詞如下：

always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never

2、every+時(shí)間單位

every day/week/month/year

3、一天里的時(shí)間

in the morning/afternoon/evening
at noon/night

（六）句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子

此時(shí)，如果是要轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句，則直接在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not。如：

He can drive a car.
He cannot (或can't) drive a car.
She is on the playground.
She is not (或isn't) on the playground.
如果要轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問(wèn)句或?qū)澗€(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)，則直接把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。如：

He can drive a car.
Can he drive a car? Yes, he can. / No, he can't.
What can he drive? (提問(wèn)a car）
She is on the playground.
Is she on the playground. Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Where is she? (提問(wèn)on the playground)

2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為其他動(dòng)詞的句子

此時(shí)，如果是要轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句，需要借助助動(dòng)詞do/does，在后面加not，同時(shí)原有的動(dòng)詞要恢復(fù)原形。如：

He often goes to work by car every day.
He doesn't often go to work by car every day.
如果要轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問(wèn)句或?qū)澗€(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)，需要借助助動(dòng)詞do/does，提到句首，原有動(dòng)詞要恢復(fù)原形。如：

She seldom goes hiking on her own.
Does she seldom go hiking on her own? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
What does she seldom do on her own? (提問(wèn)goes hiking）

【注意】

1、如果原句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句或?qū)澗€(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)時(shí)，要改為第二人稱(chēng)。如：

I often have English classes on Friday.
Do you often have English classes on Friday? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
What classes do you often have on Friday? (提問(wèn)English）
2、如果原句中含有some，變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，一般要改為any。如：

There are some oranges on the plate.
There aren't any oranges on the plate.
Are there any oranges on the plate? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
Where are there any oranges? (提問(wèn)on the plate)