【將來完成時】

用將來完成時來表達將來某一時刻將要發生的事情。

這種時態常與下列時間短語連用:

... by Monday, Tuesday, 等等

... by the time ...

... by five o'clock, two-thirty, 等等.

基本結構

肯定的

Subject + will + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ will + have +過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間

They will have finished the report by tomorrow afternoon.

否定的

Subject + will not (won't) + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ will not (won't) + have +過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間表達式

Mary won't have answered all the questions by the end of this hour.

問題

(Question Word) + will + subject + have + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

(疑問詞)+ will +主語+ have +過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間表達

What will you have done by the end of this month?

【將來完成進行時】

將來完成進行時用來表示一個動作到將來某個時間點的持續時間。這種時態在英語中不常用。

這種時態常與下列時間短語連用:

... by / ... by the time ...

基本結構

肯定的

Subject + will + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ will + have + been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) +時間表達

We will have been studying for two hours by the time he arrives.

否定的

Subject + will not (won't) + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ will not (won't) + have + been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) + time Expression

He won't have been working long by two o'clock.

問答

(Question Word) + will + subject + have + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

(疑問詞)+ will +主語+ have + been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) +時間表達

How long will you have been working on that project by the time he arrives?

【過去完成進行】

過去完成進行時用來描述一項活動在其他事情發生之前已經進行了多長時間。

這種時態常與下列時間短語連用:

... for X hours, days, months, 等等

... since Monday, Tuesday, 等等

基本結構

肯定的

Subject + had + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ had + been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) +時間表達

She had been waiting for two hours when he finally arrived.

否定的

Subject + had not (hadn't) + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ had not (hadn't) + been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) + time

They hadn't been working long when the boss asked them to change their focus.

問答

(Question Word) + had + subject + been + verb + ing + object(s) + time Expression

(疑問詞)+ had +主語+ been +動詞+ ing +賓語(s) +時間表達

How long had Tom been working on that project when they decided to give it to Pete?

【過去完成時】

過去完成時用來表達某事發生在另一個時間點之前。它經常被用來提供上下文或解釋。

這種時態常與下列時間短語連用:

... before

already

once, twice, three times,等等

... by the time

基本結構

肯定的

Subject + had + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ had +過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間

She had already eaten by the time the children came home.

否定的

Subject + had not (hadn't) + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

主語+ had not (hadn't) +過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間

They hadn't finished their homework before the teacher asked them to hand it in.

問答

(Question Word) + had + subject + past participle + object(s) + time Expression

(疑問詞)+ had +主語+過去分詞+賓語(s) +時間

Where had you gone before the class began???