英語語法 | 獨立主格詳細講解
本文章由春喜在線英語于2017.11.22日編輯發布
在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附于整個句子，具有以下特點： 1、獨立主格結構的作用相當于狀語從句。可表示時間、原因、條件、行為或者伴隨情況。 2、獨立主格結構可置于句首，也可以放在句尾。 3、獨立主格主要用于書面語。4獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與語法主語不同，不能指同一個人或者同一事物。 若名詞/代詞與非謂語構成主動關系，用doing或having done;若名詞/代詞與非謂語構成被動關系，用done或having been done。having done與having been done 強調非謂語發生在主句謂語之前。 1. 名詞/代詞+分詞(包括現在分詞和過去分詞)： The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況) He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況) 2.名詞/代詞+形容詞： They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況) He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況) 3.名詞/代詞+副詞： He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補充說明) The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補充說明) 4.名詞/代詞+介詞(短語) She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況) He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況) 獨立主格結構是由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。
1.表示時間： His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. =After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play. 2.表示原因： The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. =Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 3.表示條件： Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow. =If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow. 4.表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況： They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way. 5.表示補充說明： He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office. =He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.